建築
「まちや」は京都や金沢のまちに多く見られる、間口が狭く、奥行きが長い、ウナギの寝床状の敷地形状を活かした住宅形式で、通りや坪庭に対して窓を設けることで、高密な都市環境ながらも快適な居住空間を実現する。わたしたちアトリエ・ワンでは、金沢のまちやの研究をしたことをきっかけに、現代都市建築として、まちやの再読による建築の設計を試みてきた。 東京を始めとして、都市化する住宅地では、よりよい住環境を内部空間の充実や性能にもとめていくと、外部や通りに対して閉鎖的な住宅や建物が多く見られる。そのことに対する批評として、まちに参加する建物としての「まちや」とはなにかを考えてきた。こうした関心は、今回の杜のまちやでの、未来の神社の建物と共通する点があり、商店街に面し、まちに参加する建物として「杜のまちや」のデザインを提案した。 1階は地域にひらかれたキッチンのある空間。壁をいかしたギャラリーや、不定期のカフェの営業も想定されている、地下に備蓄倉庫を備え、災害があったときなどは、地域の防災拠点ともなり、祭事には商店街の神輿を奉る寄り合い所としても機能する。１階奥には幅広の階段があり、2階は商店街の集会にも利用できる会議室となる。地域の子供たちの学習支援や寺子屋としても想定されている。３階は、神社の古文書や絵馬などの保存する資料庫となるが、閲覧のためのテーブルが備えられ、研究活動も行える空間となっている。 杜のまちやの正面、通りからすこし引きをとってうまれた前庭には木が植えられる。それはかつてのこの地が神社の杜であったことの記憶でもある。
アトリエ・ワン
“Machiya" are town houses that are often seen in Kyoto or Kanazawa, with their narrow fronts and a long hallway leading to the back – a form of housing that makes the most of a building site much like that of an eel`s resting place – and that by adding windows facing the street and inner patio, create cozy living spaces even while being situated in a densely populated urban environment.
We, Atelier Bow-Wow (アトリエ・ワン) have set out to design architecture through the reapplication of Machiya as modern urban architecture, taking research of Kanazawa`s Machiya as our point of departure.
Starting out from Tokyo, there is a growing tendency within urbanizing residential areas of closing off the interior towards the surroundings and streets when continuing to demand a better living environment from the abundance or performance of the interior.
As criticism of this situation, we are promoting a renewed perspective on the “Machiya”, conceptualizing it as a building that participates in the town`s life.
Because of the fact that this kind of interest has many points in common with ideas about the shrine buildings of the future, this building which takes part in the community while also constituting a part of the shrine, came to be called “The Shrine`s Machiya”.
For the construction we use the wood characteristic of shrines and take up the challenge of constructing a three-storey fire proof wood building. Underground we provided a storage space for emergency situations which in case of a catastrophe may also turn into a disaster prevention point. The Machiya also has the function of a meeting place for worshipping the town`s mikoshi (portable shrines) during festivals (omatsuri).
The first floor which is headed by a red grated sliding door is a space containing a kitchen open to the community. A gallery enlivening the walls and an irregularly operating café have been created. To the back of the first floor there is a wide staircase leading up to a conference room which is also available to the local community for gatherings. For this space, there are also plans for the support of local children's studies and the activities of private schools (terakoya). The third floor is an archive storing the shrine`s ancient documents and votive pictures, but there is also a table for reading, and it is also a studying space.
In the small front garden which was created by putting a little space between the Machiya and the street, a michelia compressa tree is cultivated that connects the memories of this earth having been the shrine's forest once with the future.